Day1 (ch2 review + ch1 vocabs)

 1  Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος,

   καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν,

   καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος.

2  οὗτος ἦν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεόν.

3  πάντα δι᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο,

  καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν. ὃ γέγονεν

4  ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν,

   καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων·

5  καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει,

   καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν.


Reading audio file


Ch1 vocabs


Ch2 Verb forms


CH2 summary                   

Verbal aspect and Tense

  • -          Imperfective aspect (Video of the event): ongoing, continuous, internal

o   Present tense: as if we are ‘inside’ the event

o   Imperfect tense: an action that was attempted or habitual

  • -          Perfective aspect (Photo of the event): the event captured in its entirety, viewed externally

o   Aorist tense (most frequent tense-term in GNT): An action has occurred. Used to indicate ‘mainline events’

o   Perfect tense: reflects a deliberate choice for some type of emphasis: summary, ongoing result of past action, etc.

o   Pluperfect tense (least common in GNT): an action that began in the past and continues until some point in the past.

Verbal voice

  • -          Active: stresses action or state: “I go.”  “I am a student.”
  • -          Middle: the actor: “I wash my hands.” Not easy to render in English.
  • -          Passive: “The Son is sent by God”

Transitive and intransitive verbs

  • -          Transitive verbs: the action of the verb is performed by the subject and affects the object in some way – the action is somehow ‘transferred’ on to an object. “The child hugged the dog” These verbs need object.
  • -          Intransitive verbs: the action does not affect an object. These verbs don’t take a direct object. Adverbial or prepositional phrase might come with intransitive verbs.

Verbal person and Number

 

Verbal Mood

  • -          Indicative
  • -          Imperative
  • -          Subjunctive: the mood of probability or potentiality. Hypothetical situation.

Nonfinite Verb forms: not inflected to indicate person and number

  • -          Infinitive: a verbal noun.
  • -          Participle: a verbal adjective. They often function adverbially (modify the verb) or attributively (modify the noun)

Classes of Verbs

  • -          -ω verbs (most common class)
  • -         μι- verbs (fewer verbs, occur very common): δίδωμι, τίθημι, εἰμί

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